Lyme Disease: symptoms and treatment
Author: Lucie Garabasova
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted by ticks. This disease is widespread worldwide and can have serious consequences if not diagnosed and treated in time. Let’s take a look at the symptoms of Lyme disease, its treatment, and whether CBD can help during the treatment process.
What is Lyme Disease?
Lyme disease is an infectious disease caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium, which is transmitted by ticks.
The Borrelia burgdorferi bacterium exists in nature and is commonly found in ticks that feed on the blood of animals such as rodents or other small mammals. When a tick bites an infected animal, it can become a carrier of the bacterium and transmit it to humans during a bite.
Lyme disease typically occurs in areas with a high presence of ticks, particularly in humid forests, thickets, and tall grass. People who spend time outdoors in these environments are at a higher risk of exposure to ticks and consequently of contracting Lyme disease.
Although Lyme disease has been known for a long time, it was first identified as a distinct disease in 1975 in Lyme, Connecticut, USA. That’s why it is sometimes referred to as Lyme borreliosis. Since then, it has spread worldwide, highlighting the importance of understanding and preventing this disease in regions where ticks are a significant vector organism.
The importance of Lyme Disease prevention
A key factor in preventing Lyme disease is avoiding contact with ticks. This means using insect repellents, wearing long sleeves and pants when spending time in forests or tall grass, and regularly checking the body after outdoor activities. If a tick bite does occur, it is crucial to remove the tick as soon as possible and monitor for signs of infection.
What are the symptoms of Lyme Disease?
Several typical symptoms of Lyme disease include:
- Rash: About 70-80% of people with Lyme disease develop a rash called erythema migrans. This rash usually starts as a small red spot at the site of the tick bite and gradually expands into a circular or oval shape. It may be warm to the touch but is usually not painful or itchy.
- Fever and fatigue: Lyme disease often causes fever, which may be accompanied by overall fatigue and weakness. These symptoms can be mild or subtle.
- Muscle and joint pain: Lyme disease can cause muscle and joint pain, which can vary in intensity and location.
- Headaches: Migraines are another common symptom of Lyme disease.
Did you know that Lyme disease can also be asymptomatic?
Yes, early symptoms may not be visible at all, and neurological problems (such as headaches) may appear later. If you want to be sure that the tick you removed is not infected, you can send it to a specialized laboratory for testing. The cost of analysis is approximately 1,200 CZK.
How is Lyme Disease diagnosed?
The diagnosis of Lyme disease usually involves a combination of clinical evaluation, an analysis of the patient’s symptoms, and laboratory tests.
Treatment of Lyme Disease
Treatment of Lyme disease typically involves antibiotics that are effective against Borrelia burgdorferi. The standard treatment regimen depends on the stage of the disease and the severity of symptoms. Here are the general treatment options:
- Antibiotics: In the early stages of Lyme disease, antibiotics such as doxycycline, amoxicillin, or cefuroxime are often prescribed. These medications are usually taken for several weeks. If Lyme disease is in an advanced stage or has severe symptoms, intravenous antibiotic therapy may be necessary.
- Pain relievers: To alleviate pain and other unpleasant symptoms, painkillers such as ibuprofen or paracetamol may be prescribed.
- Supportive care: In addition to medication, providing supportive care such as rest, hydration, and a healthy diet can be beneficial for patients with Lyme disease. Physical therapy or rehabilitation may also be recommended for patients with joint or muscle involvement.
- Monitoring and follow-up: After completing antibiotic treatment, it is essential to monitor the patient’s condition and perform regular check-ups to ensure the disease has not remained active and has not caused any complications.
Untreated Lyme Disease
If left untreated, Lyme disease can cause nerve inflammation, headaches, brain inflammation, and damage to the peripheral nervous system.
Potential effects of CBD on Lyme Disease
Studies and research on the effects of CBD (cannabidiol) on Lyme disease are still limited, but some evidence suggests potential benefits for patients suffering from Lyme disease. Here are some possible ways CBD may influence Lyme disease:
- Anti-inflammatory properties: CBD has well-known anti-inflammatory effects, which may be beneficial for Lyme disease patients since inflammation is a key part of the immune response to infection. Reducing inflammation can help alleviate pain and swelling associated with Lyme disease, particularly Lyme arthritis.
- Pain-relieving effects: CBD also has analgesic properties that may help reduce pain associated with Lyme disease. This can be helpful for patients suffering from muscle and joint pain.
- Immune system support: Some studies suggest that CBD may have immunomodulatory effects, meaning it can influence immune system function. This may help strengthen the body’s defense mechanisms against Lyme disease and support the healing process.
However, if you are currently taking antibiotics for this disease, it is recommended to space out your CBD supplements to avoid interactions.
What other herbs can be used for Lyme Disease?
Several herbs are traditionally used to support the immune system and alleviate symptoms associated with Lyme disease. However, it is essential to recognize that these herbs cannot cure Lyme disease on their own and should not be used as a substitute for medical care and antibiotic treatment.
Here are some herbs that are sometimes used:
- Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea): This herb is known for its immune-stimulating properties and may help strengthen the body's defenses against infections. It can be beneficial for boosting the immune system while fighting Lyme disease.
- Angelica (Angelica archangelica): This herb has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and may help alleviate pain associated with Lyme disease.
- Garlic (Allium sativum): Garlic has strong antibacterial properties and may help fight infection from within. It can be a useful supplement to antibiotic treatment.
- Turmeric (Curcuma longa): Curcumin, the main active compound in turmeric, has powerful anti-inflammatory effects and may help reduce inflammation associated with Lyme disease.
- Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum): This mushroom has immunomodulatory effects and may help strengthen the immune system during Lyme disease treatment.